Supply Chain Design

Diese Arbeit wurde mit dem Ernst-Zander-Preis 2005 der Ruhr-Universität Bochum ausgezeichnet. Das Supply Chain Design als strategisches Supply Chain Management beinhaltet als wesentlichen Aspekt die Konfiguration der Supply Chain. Dabei sind die über eine Preisminimierung hinausgehenden Auswahlkriterien der Zulieferer sowie die aus dem langfristigen Planungshorizont der Fragestellung resultierende Unsicherheit geeignet zu berücksichtigen. In dieser Arbeit werden die vielfältigen betriebswirtschaftlichen Aspekte des Supply Chain Design umfassend diskutiert und ein Kriterienkatalog zur Auswahl von Zulieferern entwickelt. Die Unsicherheit wird mit Hilfe des neu entwickelten Konzeptes der Zielrobustheit abgebildet. Die Planungsentscheidungen im Rahmen des Supply Chain Design können durch das vorgestellte Vorgehen unterstützt und in ihren Konsequenzen quantifiziert werden

Supply Chain Design

Diese Arbeit wurde mit dem Ernst-Zander-Preis 2005 der Ruhr-Universität Bochum ausgezeichnet. Das Supply Chain Design als strategisches Supply Chain Management beinhaltet als wesentlichen Aspekt die Konfiguration der Supply Chain. Dabei sind die über eine Preisminimierung hinausgehenden Auswahlkriterien der Zulieferer sowie die aus dem langfristigen Planungshorizont der Fragestellung resultierende Unsicherheit geeignet zu berücksichtigen. In dieser Arbeit werden die vielfältigen betriebswirtschaftlichen Aspekte des Supply Chain Design umfassend diskutiert und ein Kriterienkatalog zur Auswahl von Zulieferern entwickelt. Die Unsicherheit wird mit Hilfe des neu entwickelten Konzeptes der Zielrobustheit abgebildet. Die Planungsentscheidungen im Rahmen des Supply Chain Design können durch das vorgestellte Vorgehen unterstützt und in ihren Konsequenzen quantifiziert werden

Li/Mg systematics in scleractinian corals: Calibration of the thermometer

We show that the Li/Mg systematics of a large suite of aragonitic coral skeletons, representing a wide range of species inhabiting disparate environments, provides a robust proxy for ambient seawater temperature. The corals encompass both zooxanthellate and azooxanthellate species (Acropora sp., Porites sp., Cladocora caespitosa, Lophelia pertusa, Madrepora oculata and Flabellum impensum) collected from shallow, intermediate, and deep-water habitats, as well as specimens cultured in tanks under temperature-controlled conditions. The Li/Mg ratios observed in corals from these diverse tropical, temperate, and deep-water environments are shown to be highly correlated with temperature, giving an exponential temperature relationship of: Li/Mg (mmol/mol) = 5.41 exp (−0.049 * T) (r² = 0.975, n = 49). Based on the standard error of the Li/Mg versus temperature correlation, we obtain a typical precision of ±0.9 °C for the wide range of species analysed, similar or better than that of other less robust coral temperature proxies such as Sr/Ca ratios.The robustness and species independent character of the Li/Mg temperature proxy is shown to be the result of the normalization of Li to Mg, effectively eliminating the precipitation efficiency component such that temperature remains as the main controller of coral Li/Mg compositions. This is inferred from analysis of corresponding Li/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios with both ratios showing strong microstructure-related co-variations between the fibrous aragonite and centres of calcification, a characteristic that we attribute to varying physiological controls on growth rate. Furthermore, Li/Ca ratios show an offset between more rapidly growing zooxanthellate and azooxanthellate corals, and hence only an approximately inverse relationship to seawater temperature. Mg/Ca ratios show very strong physiological controls on growth rate but no significant dependence with temperature, except possibly for Acropora sp. and Porites sp. A strong positive correlation is nevertheless found between Li/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios at similar temperatures, indicating that both Li and Mg are subject to control by similar growth mechanisms, specifically the mass fraction of aragonite precipitated during calcification, which is shown to be consistent with a Rayleigh-based elemental fractionation model.The highly coherent array defined by Li/Mg versus temperature is thus largely independent of coral calcification mechanisms, with the strong temperature dependence reflecting the greater sensitivity of the KdLi/Ca partition coefficient relative to KdMg/Ca. Accordingly, Li/Mg ratios exhibit a highly coherent exponential correlation with temperature, thereby providing a more robust tool for reconstructing paleo-seawater temperatures

brainlife.io: A decentralized and open source cloud platform to support neuroscience research

Neuroscience research has expanded dramatically over the past 30 years by advancing standardization and tool development to support rigor and transparency. Consequently, the complexity of the data pipeline has also increased, hindering access to FAIR data analysis to portions of the worldwide research community. brainlife.io was developed to reduce these burdens and democratize modern neuroscience research across institutions and career levels. Using community software and hardware infrastructure, the platform provides open-source data standardization, management, visualization, and processing and simplifies the data pipeline. brainlife.io automatically tracks the provenance history of thousands of data objects, supporting simplicity, efficiency, and transparency in neuroscience research. Here brainlife.io's technology and data services are described and evaluated for validity, reliability, reproducibility, replicability, and scientific utility. Using data from 4 modalities and 3,200 participants, we demonstrate that brainlife.io's services produce outputs that adhere to best practices in modern neuroscience research

Li/Mg systematics in scleractinian corals: Calibration of the thermometer

We show that the Li/Mg systematics of a large suite of aragonitic coral skeletons, representing a wide range of species inhabiting disparate environments, provides a robust proxy for ambient seawater temperature. The corals encompass both zooxanthellate and azooxanthellate species (Acropora sp., Porites sp., Cladocora caespitosa, Lophelia pertusa, Madrepora oculata and Flabellum impensum) collected from shallow, intermediate, and deep-water habitats, as well as specimens cultured in tanks under temperature-controlled conditions. The Li/Mg ratios observed in corals from these diverse tropical, temperate, and deep-water environments are shown to be highly correlated with temperature, giving an exponential emperature relationship of: Li/Mg (mmol/mol) = 5.41 exp (0.049 * T) (r2 = 0.975, n = 49). Based on the standard error of the Li/Mg versus temperature correlation, we obtain a typical precision of \ub10.9 C for the wide range of species analysed, similar or better than that of other less robust coral temperature proxies such as Sr/Ca ratios. The robustness and species independent character of the Li/Mg temperature proxy is shown to be the result of the normalization of Li to Mg, effectively eliminating the precipitation efficiency component such that temperature remains as the main controller of coral Li/Mg compositions. This is inferred from analysis of corresponding Li/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios with both ratios showing strong microstructure-related co-variations between the fibrous aragonite and centres of calcification, a characteristic that we attribute to varying physiological controls on growth rate. Furthermore, Li/Ca ratios show an offset between more rapidly growing zooxanthellate and azooxanthellate corals, and hence only an approximately inverse relationship to seawater temperature. Mg/Ca ratios show very strong physiological controls on growth rate but no significant dependence with temperature, except possibly for Acropora sp. and Porites sp. A strong positive correlation is nevertheless found between Li/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios at similar temperatures, indicating that both Li and Mg are subject to control by similar growth mechanisms, specifically the mass fraction of aragonite precipitated during calcification, which is shown to be consistent with a Rayleigh-based elemental fractionation model. The highly coherent array defined by Li/Mg versus temperature is thus largely independent of coral calcification mechanisms, with the strong temperature dependence reflecting the greater sensitivity of the Kd Li/Ca partition coefficient relative to Kd Mg/Ca. Accordingly, Li/Mg ratios exhibit a highly coherent exponential correlation with temperature, thereby providing a more robust tool for reconstructing paleo-seawater temperatures

Accelerating the Evolution of Nonhuman Primate Neuroimaging

© 2019 Elsevier Inc. Nonhuman primate neuroimaging is on the cusp of a transformation, much in the same way its human counterpart was in 2010, when the Human Connectome Project was launched to accelerate progress. Inspired by an open data-sharing initiative, the global community recently met and, in this article, breaks through obstacles to define its ambitions